Resist, Reject and Report Violence, #RRRV2023 And who can forget the 2008 election-related violence? It is now common cause that since 2000, every election in Zimbabwe has been violent, as documented by both local human rights groups and those in the international arena. However, the 2008 harmonised election will go down as by far the most violent election to be conducted in Zimbabwe to date. The period leading to the 2008 election was violent but it was in the period leading up to the run-off (after election results had been released on 2 May 2008 to reveal Mugabe had attained 43.2% against Movement for Democratic Change leader, Morgan Tsvangirai’s 47.9%) that all hell broke loose. This period was characterised by a scale of organised violence and torture that was so large and extreme that Tsvangirai eventually withdrew from the second round of the poll citing the need to protect the public and MDC supporters from further violence. Other examples of state-sponsored violence include Operation Murambatsvina - a government operation that saw scores of people being displaced and losing their homes and livelihoods with the UN estimating that a total of 2.4 million people were negatively affected and Operation Makavhotera papi where thousands were killed and tortured for voting for opposition political parties. Discontent with the largely despotic and authoritarian Mugabe regime subsequently culminated in a November 2017 military-assisted coup that toppled Mugabe from power. The second republic captured its eagerness to move away from the repressive legacy of the Mugabe-led regime under the mantra “Zimbabwe is open for business”. The country walked into the 2018 elections hopeful that its violent past was now essentially that - a thing of the past. Then on 1 August 2018, the unthinkable happened. Scores of Zimbabweans who had taken to the streets to express their frustration at the Zimbabwe Electoral Commission’s perceived delay in announcing the presidential election results following the 30 July 2018 harmonized elections were met with brutal force that resulted in tragic loss of life. The Zimbabwe National Army (ZNA) fired live ammunition into the crowd of demonstrators and innocent bystanders resulting in six lives being lost and scores more being injured. January 2023 The Zimbabwe Peace Project Monthly Monitoring Report 15

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