Comparison of Pre-election Periods of 2005, 2008, 2013 and 2018 140 120 100 80 60 40 20 0 2005 2008 2013 2018 The above graph shows recorded violations three months before previous elections, comparing with 3 months before the forthcoming general elections. Mashonaland Central province is the only province which is showing violations higher than for previous elections. General Observations All in all, the first quarter of the year was characterised by three fundamental developments namely:  Heightened cases of intimidation and harassment;  A steady increase in political violence, especially cases of intraparty violence in both Zanu PF and the MDC-T; and  A steady decline in cases of discrimination, especially cases relating to the partisan distribution of government aid. Other notable features were the localised nature of the violations, the victims and the perpetrators, and the near absence of state actors as violators. Intimidation and harassment: The heightened cases of intimidation and harassment, it is important to observe, were fuelled mostly by the voter registration exercise, which saw Zanu PF institute what appeared to be a policy, if one looks at the prevalence of the practice across the country at such a localised level, to compel voters to disclose their voter registration information. While the motive is not yet clear, it has been suggested that the practice was designed to encourage party 9

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