TORTURE
Any act by which severe pain or suffering, whether physical or mental, is intentionally inflicted on a person by or
instigation of public official or other person acting in an official capacity for purposes of obtaining from the victim or a
third person information or a confession , punishing him/her for an act s/he or a third person has committed or is suspected
of having committed, or intimidating or coercing him/her or a third person, or for any reason based on discrimination of
any kind
THREAT
It is whereby a person threaten to commit a crime, including but not limited to murder, rape, aggravated indecent assault,
unlawful detention , theft, malicious damage to property thereby inspiring in the person on whom she/he communicates
the threat of a reasonable fear or belief that he or she will commit the crime.
HARASSMENT/INTIMIDATION
Unlawfully subjecting one to pressure, insult of threat with intent to cause him/her to suffer anxiety discomfort and/or the
feeling of insecurity.
MOVEMENT VIOLATIONS
KIDNAPPING/UNLAWFUL DETENTION
Is whereby a person deprives another person of his freedom of bodily movement without lawful justification and/or
authority (based on section 93 of the Criminal code Act)
A) ABDUCTION
The taking away of a person using intimidation , open force of violence
B) UNLAWFUL ARREST
Is the arrest of a person by another person (usually a police officer), whereby the latter’s position generally authorizes
him/her to arrest the other person, but not in this particular case. Essentially, it is a form of abuse of power on the part of
the police officer
Depriving a person of his or her freedom of bodily movement without lawful justification and/or authority.
C) UNLAWFUL DETENTION
D) FORCED DISPLACEMENT
Internal displacement of persons or groups of persons “…who have been forced or obliged to flee or leave their homes or
places or habitual residence, in particular as a result of or in order to avoid the effects or armed conflict, situations of
generalized violence, violations of human rights or natural or human made disasters, and who have not crossed an
internally recognized border”
PROPERTY RIGHTS
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