Key Findings and Mitigation Measures Court observations The judiciary, which is meant to be completely independent and impartial, has been used to stifle dissent through arbitrary arrests, protracted incarceration, and the denial of bail of political and human rights activists. The trial of four University of Zimbabwe students began on June 1; they were denied bail and remanded in custody until June 21. They were accused of creating and communicating protest artwork on government buildings to express their displeasure with the alleged illegal imprisonment of prominent Member of Parliament, Job Sikhala. Since his arrest in June 2022, Job Sikhala has been denied bail fifteen times. He was charged with instigating violence following the murder of CCC activist Moreblesing Ali. As political parties prepare for the harmonised elections on August 23, 2023, this has been seen as an attempt to keep activists from election preparations and campaigns. The opposition party Transform Zimbabwe leader, Jacob Ngarivhume, was arrested for organising and leading the 31 July 2020 anti-corruption demonstrations. On April 28, he was given a 48-month prison term with a 12-month suspension. In June, high court judge Justice Pisirayi Kwenda reserved his judgement in jailed Ngarivhume’s challenge against both conviction and sentence. Recommendations The Zimbabwe Human Rights Commission is urged to engage with the Judicial Service Commission and jointly investigate all reports of human rights violations and all cases involving journalists and human rights defenders. Food Aid and Politics Politicisation of food hand-outs has characterised ruling Zanu PF party politics for decades since the country attained its independence in 1980. The politics of food has been used as a gimmick by the old and new dispensations to lure people to vote for Zanu PF during elections. People especially those in rural communities who face food insecurity have been mobilised to vote for the ruling party in return for food handouts. The introduction of the Pfumvudza presidential aid scheme meant to boost Zimbabwe’s food security has been politicised by Zanu PF politicians and traditional leaders to benefit ruling party supporters only. In most instances opposition supporters have been turned away from distributions for not attending Zanu PF meetings and for defying the call to join ruling party structures. Often, opposition party supporters have been told to go and benefit from their leaders. In Masvingo on 10 June, there was chaos when Zanu PF supporters looted a truckload of mealie meal at a rally addressed by President Mnangagwa at Mucheke stadium. It is alleged that angry ruling party supporters looted one truck of mealie meal after information came out that the mealie meal was not going to be distributed as had been promised during the rally. Masvingo Minister of State for Provincial Affairs and Devolution Ezra Chadzamira had earlier promised the crowd that the President had brought mealie meal and everyone was going to get an allocation. 14

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